根据南美白对虾池塘养殖尾水的沉淀性颗粒物特点,设计了一种水力旋流分离器,基于CFD数值计算理论,结合离散相模型(DPM)和雷诺应力湍流模型(RSM),建立了旋流器的三维两相内流场数值模型。以旋流器的溢流口直径、底流口直径、锥角、溢流管插入深度和柱段长度为设计变量,构建了L₁₆ (4₅⁾参数化正交优化试验模型,研究了设计变量对流场特征及固体颗粒物分离效率的影响,并通过极差分析确定了既能减小压降又能提高颗粒物分离效率的最佳组合参数。研究表明：经过优化的水力旋流器使压力降和径向压力梯度均有所减小,颗粒物的分离效率提高；当溢流口直径为120 mm、底流口直径为32 mm、锥角为18°、溢流管插入深度为160 mm、柱段长度为390 mm的组合参数下,其压力降较优化前降低了9842 Pa,分离效率提高了12%；通过加工实物并在现场实际测试,对比分析旋流器的进水口、底流口和溢流口的水质特征,颗粒物分离效率的仿真和试验相对误差不超过10%,验证了三维两相内流场计算方法的有效性。研究结果可为旋流器的优化设计及其在池塘养殖尾水处理中的应用提供理论依据。

Based on the distinct characteristics of sediment particles in South American white shrimp pond tailwater, a hydraulic cyclone separator was devised. Employing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) alongside the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) and the Reynolds Stress Turbulence Model (RSM), a numerical model for the cyclone separator"s three-dimensional two-phase internal flow field was established. Design variables, including overflow port diameter, underflow port diameter, cone angle, overflow pipe insertion depth, and column length, were optimized using an L₁₆ (4₅⁾ parameterized orthogonal optimization experimental model. This model assessed their impact on flow field characteristics and solid particle separation efficiency. Through range analysis, optimal parameter combinations were identified, achieving a balance between reducing pressure drop and enhancing particle separation efficiency. For example, parameters such as an overflow port diameter of 120 mm, an underflow port diameter of 32 mm, a cone angle of 18°, an overflow pipe insertion depth of 160 mm, and a column length of 390 mm resulted in a significant reduction in pressure drop by 9842 Pa and a 12% increase in separation efficiency. Physical prototypes were fabricated and field-tested, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Comparison of water quality characteristics at the cyclone separator"s inlet, underflow, and overflow ports revealed negligible relative errors between simulated and experimental particle separation efficiencies, not exceeding 10%. These findings provide a solid basis for optimizing cyclone separators and their application in tailwater treatment in pond aquaculture.

S968.22

国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD2400502）；上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目（沪农科推字2021第3-1号）；上海市水产动物良种创制与绿色养殖协同创新项目（2021科技02-12）.