To promote the sustainable utilization of fishery resources and support the healthy development of fisheries in the Bohai Sea， this study examines the historical evolution of its fisheries， evaluates the effectiveness and challenges of current management measures， and proposes optimization strategies through literature review and questionnaire surveys. The findings indicate that over the past four decades， changes in fishing capacity， catch volume， and fleet structure have generally aligned with policy objectives， and management measures have been implemented effectively， albeit with observable time lags in outcomes. While conservation efforts have reached an unprecedented level， institutional limitations persist. It is recommended to explore property rights-based management approaches. Additionally， the catch quota system represents a future direction for fisheries management， though its implementation faces challenges such as inadequate scientific support， lack of regional coordination mechanisms， and multi-species fisheries.