Abstract:

Against the backdrop of the rapid development of marine big data and artificial intelligence， constructing global high-resolution predictive models for ocean physical fields has become feasible， helping to address the issues of slow computation and insufficient prediction accuracy of numerical models. To this end， this paper systematically reviews the fundamental theories and key technologies of large ocean models， including basic ocean theories and data characteristics， feature representation and data algorithms， as well as applications of large ocean models in ocean phenomenon forecasting， extreme event warning， and downstream industrial sectors. The results indicate that although the field of deep learning-based large ocean models is still in its early stages， it has already significantly improved the computational efficiency and prediction accuracy of ocean models， achieving progress in areas such as mesoscale ocean phenomena， early warning of ocean storms and tropical cyclones， fishery forecasting， and shipping route planning. However， challenges remain in task-specific modeling of ocean fields， short-range， medium and long-range ocean forecasting， as well as physical consistency and interpretability. The study suggests that future efforts in constructing and applying deep learning-based large ocean models should focus on using heterogeneous or complex data structures to fully represent ocean fields， incorporating physical constraints or mass-energy conservation equations to ensure physical consistency during evolution， and predicting interannual to decadal long-period ocean phenomena， thereby promoting the continued development of AI-based oceanography in fundamental marine research.

Abstract:

To overcome the fragmentation of information in aquatic nutrition and the non-factual responses generated by large language models， this study proposes a framework for an aquatic nutrition recommendation system that integrates semantic vectorization with knowledge graph reasoning. Using DeepSeek， entities and relationships were automatically extracted from more than 60 papers related to aquatic nutrition， leading to the construction of a specialized knowledge graph containing 4 936 nodes and 4 515 edges. This graph not only represents the basic associations between aquatic ingredients and nutritional components， but also establishes safety-oriented dietary contraindication chains for metabolic diseases such as gout and diabetes.At the service layer， the system adopts a dual-engine architecture by combining a vector database for broad semantic matching with a graph database capable of multi-hop reasoning. This design helps overcome the limitations of traditional single-point query methods. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid information retrieval system can maintain the accuracy of recommendation results while enhancing the evidence-based medical support of the generated content. Empirical findings further indicate that the integration of semantic representation and knowledge graph reasoning improves the accuracy and credibility of nutrition plans for aquatic products. Overall， this study provides technical and data support for the development of aquatic nutrition regulation systems and offers a useful reference for related research.

Abstract:

Odor is a critical sensory indicator for evaluating the quality and freshness of aquatic products， with volatile organic compounds （VOCs） playing a central role in odor formation. To enhance the standardization and automation of odor molecule classification in Osteichthyes， this study proposes a machine learning-based framework integrating chemical structural descriptors and computational modeling. A total of 180 representative VOCs were selected from the FlavorDB database， and both two-dimensional and three-dimensional molecular descriptors were extracted. Hierarchical clustering using the Ward method was applied to group the compounds into three odor categories： plant-like （fresh）， complex aroma， and pungent/offensive. Subsequently， five conventional classification models were constructed， and a stacked ensemble model was developed using Gradient Boosting Decision Trees （GBDT） and Random Forest （RF） as base learners. The ensemble model achieved a classification accuracy of 89% on the test set and 82% on real tilapia samples collected at different storage stages， analyzed via Gas Chromatography–Ion Mobility Spectrometry （GC-IMS）. Confusion matrix analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis （LDA） demonstrated the model's ability to distinguish between odor types， although the recall rate for complex aroma compounds was relatively low. Feature importance analysis revealed that molecular weight， charge distribution， and spatial configuration were the primary influencing factors. Overall， this study provides a structural descriptor-based modeling approach for odor classification in fish， and verifies its feasibility in practical applications. However， further improvements are needed in model robustness and coverage of diverse odor types.

Abstract:

To investigate the physiological adaptive processes of black amur bream （Megalobrama terminalis） under acute high-temperature stress， this study analyzed changes in tissue structure， serum biochemical indices， and antioxidant enzyme activities at different time points （0 h， 8 h， 16 h） under stress temperatures of 28 ℃ （control group）， 32 ℃， and 36 ℃. The results showed that acute high-temperature stress significantly affected the physiological homeostasis of blunt snout bream. As the stress temperature increased （32 ℃， 36 ℃）， liver tissue damage intensified， manifested as cytoplasmic loosening， nuclear atrophy， and vacuolization of hepatocytes. Serum biochemical analysis revealed that the activities or concentrations of Total Protein （TP）， Triglycerides （TG）， Total Cholesterol （TC）， Aspartate Aminotransferase （AST）， Alanine Aminotransferase （ALT）， Alkaline Phosphatase （ALP）， and Cortisol （COR） generally increased significantly with rising temperatures， demonstrating pronounced metabolic and functional disturbances. Serum COR levels decreased with prolonged stress duration in the high-temperature groups， indicating exhaustion of the adrenal stress response under sustained heat. Liver antioxidant enzyme activities—Superoxide Dismutase （SOD）， Catalase （CAT）， and Glutathione Peroxidase （GPx）—also increased with rising temperatures but followed an initial rise followed by a decline pattern with prolonged stress duration， suggesting potential inhibition of the antioxidant defense system after an initial activation phase. This study found that acute high-temperature stress （especially above 32 ℃） can significantly damage the structural integrity of tissues， disrupt serum biochemical balance， and induce a stress response in the antioxidant system of blunt snout bream， ultimately leading to significant physiological dysfunction. These findings suggest that prolonged acute high-temperature environments above 32 ℃ should be avoided during blunt snout bream farming， providing crucial physiological insights for optimizing health management strategies in high-temperature environments.

Abstract:

This study utilized largemouth bass （Micropterus salmoides） "Youlu No. 3" lines A and B， a salt-tolerant population， and the Sanshui population as breeding parents to construct 78 full-sib families. Genetic parameters and breeding values for growth-related traits in largemouth bass （Micropterus salmoides） were estimated using pedigree and phenotypic data. Heritability estimates were moderate for body weight （BW： 0.32 ±0.04）， body length （BL： 0.21 ±0.04）， average daily gain （ADG： 0.32 ±0.05）， and body shape index （BSI： 0.24 ±0.04）， whereas the condition factor （K） exhibited low heritability （0.14 ±0.03）. Genetic and phenotypic correlation analyses revealed a very high positive correlation between BW and ADG， with a genetic correlation coefficient of 0.99 ±0.001， indicating strong co-inheritance. High positive genetic and phenotypic correlations were also observed between BW and BL （r = 0.71-0.89） and between ADG and BL （r = 0.71-0.89）. The K value showed a strong positive genetic correlation with BSI （r = 0.93 ±0.04）， but a distinct negative phenotypic correlation with BL （r = -0.38 ±0.02）， suggesting potential trade-offs between body compactness and linear growth. The correlations between estimated breeding values （EBVs） and phenotypic values ranged from 0.597 to 0.740 across the five traits， indicating moderate agreement but substantial prediction error when relying solely on phenotype. Under a 10% selection intensity， the coincidence rates between top individuals selected based on single-trait EBVs versus phenotypic values were 46.2%， 49.0%， 43.4%， 47.4%， and 66.9% for BW， BL， ADG， K， and BSI， respectively. Notably， the average EBVs of individuals selected using the EBV-based method were significantly higher than those selected based on phenotypic values for all traits. The corresponding improvements in mean EBVs ranged from 23.1% （BSI） to 54.6% （K）， with gains of 40.8%， 34.1%， and 40.0% for BW， BL， and ADG， respectively. These results demonstrate that selection based on EBVs is substantially more effective than phenotypic selection in capturing additive genetic merit， thereby enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of genetic improvement programs for growth traits in largemouth bass.

Abstract:

To investigate the spatiotemporal variations of phytoplankton communities and their influencing factors in the waterways of Chongming Island， this study conducted quarterly surveys on phytoplankton community structure and water quality factors at 24 monitoring sites across the island from 2019 to 2021 （data for Summer 2020 was missing due to the COVID-19 pandemic）. Using methods such as diversity indices， dominant species identification， and Redundancy Analysis （RDA）， the characteristics and driving factors of the community structure were systematically analyzed. The results showed that a total of 236 phytoplankton species， belonging to 7 phyla， were identified， primarily dominated by Bacillariophyta， Chlorophyta， and Euglenophyta. The dominant species comprised 14 species from 3 phyla， with Cyanobacteria accounting for the highest proportion （42.96%）， followed by Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta （each 28.57%）. Phytoplankton abundance ranged from 3.49×10⁶ to 2.17×10⁷ cells/L， with the overall community structure showing a successional trend towards a Bacillariophyta-Cyanobacteria-Chlorophyta type. Total biomass ranged from 0.927 to 4.794 mg/L， with the proportion of Bacillariophyta biomass continuously increasing， while that of Cyanobacteria decreased significantly. RDA indicated that salinity （Sal） and pH were the significant water quality factors affecting community structure （P < 0.05）. The Shannon-Wiener index （H'） ranged from 1.50 to 2.61， the Margalef richness index （D） from 1.02 to 2.24， and the Pielou evenness index （J） from 0.44 to 0.79， suggesting the overall water quality was generally mesotrophic， specific regions display distinct signs of eutrophication and pollution. The study demonstrates significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the phytoplankton community structure of Chongming Island's waterways， regulated by the combined effects of Sal， pH， and nutrients， indicating a certain risk of eutrophication. This research can provide a scientific basis for water ecological management， eutrophication prevention and control， and biodiversity conservation in Chongming Island.

Abstract:

Aiming at the ecological barrier caused by the river-crossing road in the lower reaches of Yanjing River， a first-class tributary of the Chishui River， a connectivity restoration project was carried out through fishway reconstruction and barrier removal. Based on three rounds of monitoring data， the response characteristics of habitat factors， fish population dynamics and ecological functions were analyzed. The results showed that after the implementation of the project， the dissolved oxygen （DO） content in the water body increased significantly by 27.8%， the water flow velocity （V） increased by 30.5%， and the turbidity （TUR） decreased by 40.5%， with the convergence of hydrological characteristics in each section enhanced. The fish resources were restored， and the species and quantities of endemic fish in the upper Yangtze River as well as short-distance migratory fish increased remarkably. The community diversity indices （Shannon， Margalef and Pielou） all showed a significant upward trend （P<0.05）， and the functional diversity indices （Fric， FEve， FDiv） also presented an increasing trend， indicating that the utilization efficiency of fish niche space was optimized. The female-to-male ratio decreased successively from the upper reaches to the lower reaches， and the proportion of individuals with gonadal development at stages Ⅳ–Ⅵ increased from 59% to 93%， with a significant aggregation feature of fish in the middle and late stages of gonadal development in the middle and upper reaches. The Habitat Suitability Index （HSI） revealed that connectivity restoration had a significant improvement effect on the habitats of Acrossocheilus monticola and Xenocypris davidi， and the mid-slope area （between the project sections） became a highly suitable habitat section. This study demonstrated that the connectivity restoration project effectively promoted the improvement of water environmental quality， the optimization of fish community structure and the natural recovery of reproductive habits in the Yanjing River by optimizing hydrological processes and improving habitat quality， which provides scientific support and technical demonstration for the ecological protection and restoration of the mainstream and tributaries of the Chishui River.

Abstract:

To assess the early-stage effectiveness of the "ten-year fishing ban" policy， this study took Lake Gehu， a typical shallow lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River， as the research subject， systematically analyzing the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of its fish community structure and the key influencing factors. Based on quarterly survey data from 2023， this study analyzed the fish species composition， dominant species， and ecological types. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index， Pielou evenness index， and Margalef richness index were employed to assess community diversity. Non-metric multidimensional scaling （NMDS） was used to examine spatiotemporal differences in community structure. Building on this， similarity percentage analysis （SIMPER） was applied to identify the key species contributing to differences among lake regions. The abundance-biomass comparison （ABC） curves were utilized to evaluate community stability. Finally， Mantel tests and redundancy analysis （RDA） were conducted to explore the relationships between fish communities and environmental factors. A total of 53 fish species were collected， belonging to 8 orders， 13 families， and 40 genera， with resident， omnivorous， and mid-lower water layer species being dominant. The dominant species were Aristichthys nobilis， Coilia nasus， Hypophthalmichthys molitrix， and Culter dabryi. The mean values of the Shannon-Wiener index， Pielou’s evenness index， and Margalef’s richness index were 3.96， 0.32， and 2.13， respectively. NMDS results showed no significant seasonal differences in fish community structure， but significant spatial differences （P<0.05）. SIMPER analysis further indicated that ten species， including C. nasus， Pelteobagrus nitidus， C. dabryi， and A. nobilis， were the main contributors to inter-regional differences. Spatially， both diversity indices and community stability were significantly higher in protected areas than in non-protected areas. Seasonally， both exhibited a consistent trend： spring > summer > winter > autumn. Water temperature， water depth， total phosphorus， and dissolved oxygen were identified as key environmental factors influencing community structure. During the early stage of the ten-year fishing ban， the fish community in Lake Gehu showed signs of recovery， yet the recovery effects exhibited spatial heterogeneity， with the protected area demonstrating significantly better restoration than other lake regions. This study can provide baseline data for evaluating the early ecological effects of the Yangtze River "ten-year fishing ban" in shallow lakes， and offer scientific references for fisheries resource management and biodiversity conservation in Lake Gehu and other lakes subject to fishing bans.

Abstract:

Atractosteus spatulais （alligator gar）， as a key regulated invasive species in China's Catalogue of Key Managed Invasive Alien Species， has posed a severe threat to local aquatic biodiversity. To meet the demand of rapid and accurate detection during the early stages of alligator gar invasion， this study developed a specific， highly sensitive and rapid detection system based on environmental DNA （eDNA） technology. A set of alligator gar -specific recombinase polymerase amplification （RPA） primers and probes was designed by mitochondrial genome alignment analysis. The validation results indicate： （1） The primer-probe set stably and efficiently amplified target DNA from tissue samples， aquaculture water samples， and aquaculture water samples from the Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences， Guangzhou， Guangdong， China. （2） Specificity validation demonstrated the primer-probe set produced positive signals exclusively for A. spatula is with no cross-reactivity to 11 non-target fish species， including Lepisosteus oculatus. （3） Sensitivity validation demonstrated the detection limit reached 15.88 copies/μL DNA for the primer-probe set. （4） RPA amplification can be completed within 15 min at 38 ℃ and the lines can be read within 5 min combined with lateral flow （LF） dipsticks. This study firstly established a rapid detection system for A. spatulais using RPA-LF based on eDNA， providing technical support for early warning and scientific management of invasive species in aquatic ecosystems.

Abstract:

This study developed a station optimization framework integrating stratified random sampling （without replacement） and spatial clustering， using the offshore waters of Ningbo as a case study. The framework was based on data from 92 stations and 16 water quality parameters collected during summer in 2024. Area-weighted means based on Thiessen polygons served as the primary benchmark for comparison， with additional comparisons made against means from a regular 0.05° grid. The estimation performance under different station densities was evaluated using the Relative Estimation Error （REE） and Relative Bias （RB）. Following range standardization and the calculation of a composite index， UPGMA clustering was applied to identify the optimal station configuration.The results revealed pronounced spatial heterogeneity in the water environment. Elevated levels of salinity， dissolved oxygen， pH， total alkalinity， and ammonium nitrogen were mainly observed in Sanmen Bay and the eastern Xiangshan waters. Higher concentrations of chemical oxygen demand， silicate， reactive phosphate， particulate organic carbon， total nitrogen， nitrate nitrogen， and total phosphorus were concentrated along the southern coast of Hangzhou Bay-northern Beilun and the Xiangshan Port-southern Beilun regions. In contrast， suspended matter， Chl.a， nitrite nitrogen， and dissolved organic carbon exhibited relatively uniform spatial distributions. The REE decreased rapidly with increasing station numbers， with Chl.a， particulate organic carbon， nitrite nitrogen， and reactive phosphate showing the highest sensitivity to station density.By applying an REE threshold of 10% and considering clustering coverage， management constraints， and the need to retain long-term trend stations， an optimal network of 72 stations was determined for the entire study area. These were allocated to four subregions with 18， 17， 25， and 12 stations， respectively. The proposed framework balances statistical robustness and spatial representativeness and provides a practical reference for optimizing monitoring networks in Ningbo and other similar coastal seas.

Abstract:

As a national strategic development zone， the water environment quality of the Lin-gang Special Area is crucial to achieving regional sustainable development goals. However， the rapid urbanization may further increase environment risks of the regional water. Based on the systematic analysis of pollution characteristics of routine pollutants and heavy metals in surface water and sediments， spatiotemporal distribution patterns and source diagnosis of pollutants were explored， thereby proposing water resources scheduling strategies to improve the water quality of the Dishui lake micro-catchment. The results indicated that： compared to the flood season， surface water in the non-flood season was more polluted， with water bodies in the water diversion area and east drainage area exhibiting characteristics of composite pollution by COD_Mn， Cd and Hg. During the flood season， total phosphorus （TP） pollution in the water diversion area is more prominent. Notably， TN exceeded the standard limit across all water bodies in both flood and non-flood seasons， particularly in the west drainage area. Sediments also show heavier pollution in the non-flood season than in the flood season， with Cd and Hg in all sediments exceeding the background value. During the flood season， TN enrichment occurs in the sediments of the west and south drainage areas. Source apportionment revealed that domestic sources （34.1%） and agricultural sources （22.7%） contributed significantly to pollutants in surface water， while traffic sources （38.9%） dominated the pollutants in sediments. Based on these results， the following strategies for improving the water quality are proposed： （i） Implement off-peak water diversion during the flood season while avoiding the peak period of agricultural non-point source pollution； （ii） Implement the strategy of prioritizing west drainage， followed by south drainage， and finally east drainage for the clear water diverted from the Dazhi River； （iii） Implement ecological ditch and ecological buffer zone strategies in the farmland of the upstream water diversion area to reduce surface runoff pollution load； （iv） Implement targeted control measures for individual points with abnormal concentrations， aiming to achieve the coordinated reduction of nitrogen， phosphorus， and heavy metals.This study provides a scientific basis for the transformation of water environment management in Lingang New City from "end-of-pipe control" to "water resources regulation" during the process of rapid urbanization.

Abstract:

Hydrodynamic disturbances play a regulatory role in the succession of algal communities during cyanobacterial blooms. To investigate how aeration-induced disturbances influence this process， we collected a Microcystis-dominated bloom and conducted an orthogonal two-factor experiment in a greenhouse， with algal density and disturbance mode as variables. Based on the chlorophyll a （Chl. a） concentration， cyanobacterial bloom densities were categorized into low concentration （539.49 μg/L， treatments Ⅰ-Ⅲ） and high concentration （1078.98 μg/L， treatments Ⅳ-Ⅵ）.Each group was subjected to one of three disturbance regimes： no aeration， intermittent aeration （1 day on， 2 days off）， or continuous aeration. Over the experimental period， dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations increased across all treatments， accompanied by algal senescence and degradation. Chlorophyll-a levels decreased in the order： Ⅳ>Ⅴ>Ⅵ>（Ⅰ， Ⅱ， Ⅲ） （P<0.05）. Several parameters including dissolved oxygen （DO）， pH， N and P nutrients， extracellular polysaccharides， and algal succession were influenced by either bloom concentration or aeration. Aeration significantly elevated DO and pH （P<0.05）， and continuous aeration promoted the oxidation of NH₄⁺-N to NO₂^--N and NO₃^--N. A shift from Microcystis to other algal taxa was observed in all treatments， with aeration favoring a transition toward dominance by the diatom Nitzschia. This study identifies key parameters including bloom concentration， hydrodynamic disturbance， and DO levels that promote a successional shift from cyanobacterial to diatom dominance in algal blooms.

Abstract:

The Southwestern Atlantic Ocean （FAO Fishing Area 41） is rich in fisheries resources and serves as a major fishing ground for coastal and distant-water fishing countries and regions such as Argentina and European nations. Affected by global climate change， fishing activities， as well as the inherent life history characteristics of different fish stocks， the catch in this sea area has exhibited substantial interannual fluctuations over the past two decades. Investigating the catch composition structure and its interannual variability is of great significance for ensuring the sustainable utilization and scientific conservation of fisheries resources in the region. Based on the 2000-2023 fishery production statistics provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations （FAO）， this study analyzed the catch composition and interannual changes in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean using the grey relational analysis method.The results showed that the grey relational grades of cephalopods， mollusks （excluding cephalopods）， pelagic fishes， demersal fishes and crustaceans were 0.911 0， 0.711 2， 0.627 3， 0.618 9 and 0.590 9， respectively. The species with the highest grey relational grade in each major group were as follows： Illex argentinus（0.952 6）， Zygochlamys patagonica （0.979 2）， Salilota australis （0.802 3）， Engraulis anchoita （0.797 3）， and Pleoticus muelleri （0.984 3）. It is suggested that cephalopods are the dominant factor affecting the variability of total catch in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean， while Illex argentinus， Zygochlamys patagonica， Salilota australis， Engraulis anchoita and Pleoticus muelleri are the key species driving the interannual catch variations of cephalopods， mollusks （excluding cephalopods）， pelagic fishes， demersal fishes and crustaceans， respectively. The results provide a scientific reference for the scientific management of fisheries resources in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean.

Abstract:

To understand the reproductive biological characteristics of the purpleback flying squid （Sthenoteuthis pteropus） in the Eastern Central Atlantic Ocean， this study analyzed reproductive traits including gonad maturity， size at sexual maturity， age at first maturity， and gonadosomatic index based on samples collected from the high seas of the eastern central Atlantic by Chinese squid jigging vessels from September to November 2022. The results showed that during the survey period， the female-to-male sex ratio of S. pteropus was 2.2∶1. The mantle length at first maturity was 258.3 mm for females and 206.3 mm for males. Immature individuals dominated in females， whereas mature individuals were predominant in males. The age range was 86-208 days. The estimated age at first maturity was 225.1 days for females and 166.1 days for males. It is inferred that hatching occurred from February to August in the survey area， with a peak period from June to August. The gonadosomatic index developed slowly in females at stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ， but increased rapidly at stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ and was significantly higher than that of males. The analysis indicates that the surveyed population belongs to a small-sized early-maturing equatorial group， which was in the pre-spawning phase of the reproductive season. This group matures and spawns in equatorial waters， and its spawning strategy is suggested to be that of an intermittent spawner.

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the fishery resource conservation effects of the Haizhou Bay Marine Ranching and compare the monitoring and survey capabilities of environmental DNA （eDNA） technology and bottom trawling in complex habitats， simultaneous eDNA water sample collection （surface and bottom layers） and bottom trawl surveys were conducted in the artificial reef area and the control area of this sea area in spring （April） and autumn （October） 2024. Statistical analysis methods such as species composition analysis， diversity index calculation， Principal Coordinates Analysis （PCoA）， Similarity Percentage Analysis （SIMPER）， and Redundancy Analysis （RDA） were used to analyze the differences in fish community structure and their relationships with environmental factors. The results showed that： （1） The number of fish species detected by eDNA （28 in spring， 45 in autumn） was higher than that detected by bottom trawling （19 in spring， 22 in autumn）； （2） There was no significant difference in biological communities between the reef area and the control area in spring， while in autumn， the surface layer diversity in the reef area was significantly lower than that in the bottom layer， and the fish composition significantly differed between the two areas； （3） Water temperature and salinity were key environmental factors influencing the community distribution in autumn； （4） The two methods performed consistently in terms of community evenness， but eDNA exhibited primer bias and missed detections， while bottom trawling was limited by fishing efficiency and identification errors. The study indicates that eDNA outperforms bottom trawling in species detection efficiency， particularly in complex habitats， but cannot obtain biological samples； combining the two methods can compensate for their shortcomings and provide a more comprehensive understanding of fish community characteristics. This research provides a reference for future resource monitoring and ecological management of the Haizhou Bay marine ranching.

Abstract:

This study aimed to characterize the feeding habits of juvenile Miichthys miiuy， an important economic fish species in the coastal waters of Jiangsu， and to identify the factors influencing their feeding ecology， so as to reveal trophic strategies during the juvenile stage and provide a scientific basis for resource conservation and management. Based on 865 juvenile M. miiuy samples collected from the Jiangsu coastal area during 2024-2025， stomach content analysis was applied to systematically investigate diet composition， feeding intensity， and feeding strategy. Environmental factors were also incorporated to analyze their effects on feeding habits. The results showed that the diet of juvenile M. miiuy comprised eight prey categories， including shrimps， fishes， and stomatopods. The dominant prey species were Leptochela gracilis （I=22.7%）， Alpheus japonicus （I=18.7%）， Metapenaeopsis dalei （I=18.4%）， and Oratosquilla oratoria （I=14.3%）. The juveniles exhibited a broad feeding spectrum and high phenotypic plasticity in the trophic niche. Diet composition varied significantly between seasons： although the empty stomach rate did not differ significantly between spring and autumn （P>0.05）， the average stomach fullness index showed a highly significant difference （P<0.01）. Diet composition also shifted with body length： empty stomach rate differed significantly among body-length groups （P<0.01）， whereas the average stomach fullness index did not （P>0.05）. Body length， geographic coordinates （latitude and longitude）， bottom water temperature， bottom salinity， dissolved oxygen， and pH were identified as key factors influencing the feeding habits of juvenile M. miiuy. This study demonstrates that juvenile M. miiuy in Jiangsu coastal waters display generalist feeding characteristics， with feeding habits shaped by both ontogenetic development and environmental conditions. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the feeding ecology of juvenile M. miiuy， nutrient dynamics in local food webs， and the development of resource enhancement and sustainable utilization strategies.

Abstract:

To scientifically assess the status and spatial distribution of fish resources in the Gutang waters of Poyang Lake， supporting the conservation and resource recovery of endangered species such as Coilia nasus.In July 2024， a dual-frequency identification sonar （DIDSON） was used for acoustic surveys in the study area. Fish targets were identified and extracted by combining an Echoview-based recognition model and a YOLO deep learning detection model. Catch statistics were integrated to estimate fish density， abundance， biomass， and spatial distribution patterns.A total of 1 384 fish targets were detected. The Echoview model achieved an average accuracy of 91.91%， while the YOLO model attained average precision and recall rates of 96.4% and 88.5%， respectively. The total fish abundance was estimated at approximately 135 200 individuals， with a total biomass of about 165 000 kg. Spatially， fish were predominantly distributed in nearshore areas horizontally and concentrated at depths of 5-10 m vertically.The integrated approach combining DIDSON， Echoview， and YOLO proved effective for high-accuracy fish target recognition and resource estimation， with the YOLO model offering greater objectivity and processing efficiency This study provides a technical reference for intelligent fish target recognition in sonar images and offers a scientific basis for the management and conservation of fish resources in the Gutang waters of Poyang Lake.

Abstract:

To reveal the dynamic relationship between the marine physical environment influenced by the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass （YSCWM） and the recruitment of Chub Mackerel （Scomber japonicus）.This study employed an early life history eco-dynamic model of chub mackerel in the Yellow Sea to simulate variations in recruitment during eggs and larvae transport， systematically analyzing the regulatory mechanisms of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass （YSCWM） on mackerel recruitment. The results show that simulated chub mackerel recruitment exhibited distinct interannual fluctuations. The YSCWM， as the dominant summer water mass， significantly influenced recruitment patterns： Recruitment was higher when latitude of 9 ℃ isotherm was northward （>35.8°N） in winter. Recruitment decreased when latitude of 9 ℃ isotherm shifted southward （<35.8°N）. A negative correlation （R²=0.612） was observed between YSCWM intensity in June and recruitment， primarily due to YSCWM-induced seawater temperature reduction. Years with weaker YSCWM intensity showed greater numbers of successfully transported larvae to the Yellow Sea trough， corresponding to higher recruitment. The negative correlation （R²=0.642） between YSCWM intensity and recruitment in China-Korea Fisheries Agreement Waters （CKFAW） indicates significant YSCWM influence on larval contribution from the Qingdao offshore spawning ground. This study clarifies the regulatory mechanisms of the YSCWM on Chub Mackerel recruitment and highlights its critical role in recruitment in CKFAW. The findings provide scientific support for forecasting and managing Chub Mackerel resources in the Yellow Sea.

Abstract:

In order to further clarify the effectiveness of the implementation of the Port State Measures Agreement（PSMA） since its entry into force and the performance of the contracting states in fulfilling their obligations， a systematic comparison of the compliance capabilities of countries at different levels of development was conducted， and the core capability gaps were further identified. This paper adopts methods such as literature research， case analysis， and quantitative assessment of policy texts to sort out the relevant literature and meeting minutes of the PSMA to clarify the capability requirements， select 30 contracting states to analyze the effectiveness of compliance， and construct an importance index （Ic） to identify the key capability gaps. The results show that the implementation effect of the agreement by developing countries is less satisfactory， and the capability gaps and compliance difficulties mainly concentrate in areas such as information verification capabilities， port inspection systems， funding mechanisms， and domestic law conversion. The research indicates that some countries face difficulties such as insufficient designated ports， insufficient inspection capabilities， lack of legal guarantees， and insufficient information exchange. Through the construction of a hierarchical optimization system for information exchange， increasing legal credit for information sources， and joint law enforcement by administrative institutions， this study can improve the implementation performance of the Port State Measures Agreement and provide reference and theoretical support for China's effective compliance.

Abstract:

To investigate the efficacy of cross-linked tilapia collagen chimeric notoginseng polysaccharide dressing （CLT-NPD） in promoting wound healing， the characteristics of wound healing in three types of CLT-NPD samples were compared. Quantitative notoginseng polysaccharides were uniformly distributed in the cross-linked tilapia collagen network to synthesize CLT-NPD. The crosslinking effect of CLT-NPD was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy. Rats with injured skin were divided into blank group， positive control group and treatment group. The features of CLT-NPD in repairing wounds were detected from morphological indicators， immunological indicators and tissue biochemical indicators. The absorption peaks of amide A band， amide I band， and amide II band in the CLT-NPD samples were significantly enhanced. Compared with the blank group， the wound healing rate of the positive control group and the three treatment groups was significantly increased （P<0.05）， the regeneration of the epithelial cell layer was obvious， the content of type I collagen was significantly increased （P<0.05）， the levels of fibroblast growth factor （FGF） and epidermal growth factor （EGF） were significantly increased， and the levels of IL-1β， IL-6， IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with the positive control group， there was no significant difference in the wound healing rate， type I collagen content， FGF and EGF levels， and IL-1β， IL-6， IL-8 and TNF-α levels among the three treatment groups， and the regeneration of the epithelial cell layer was similar. The levels of IL-1β， IL-8 and TNF-α in treatment group 3 on the third day were significantly lower than those in the other treatment groups， and the epithelial cell layer was smoother and more complete on the 14th day.CLT-NPD was successfully prepared. CLT-NPD achieved similar wound healing effects as those observed with the positive control dressing； notably Group 3 utilizing a 4∶1 ratio demonstrated optimal results.

Abstract:

In order to prevent substandard or adulterated behaviour and to safeguard the authenticity of product labelling， authentication of marine fish-derived ingredients in surimi products is required. In this study， eight marine fish-specific primers/probes were designed based on the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA （16S rRNA） gene to establish a real-time PCR （qPCR） method for the qualitative detection of marine fish-derived components in surimi products， and to analyse the detection limit， amplification efficiency and sensitivity of the method. Fifty samples of commercially available surimi were tested to verify the practical application of the method. The results showed that the method was highly specific and could specifically amplify the template DNA of eight species of marine fish. This method can detect DNA concentrations of 0.05 ng/μL for bluefin gurnard （Chelidonichthys kumu） and 0.5 ng/μL for red seabream （Pagrus major）， walleye pollock （Gadus chalcogrammus）， Atlantic cod （Gadus morhua）， blue whiting （Micromesistius poutassou）， saithe （Pollachius virens）， silver croaker （Pennahia argentata） and bay sillago （Sillago ingenuua）. The sensitivities were 0.1% for blue whiting， 0.5% for silver croaker， bluefin gurnard and saithe， 1% for atlantic cod， 5% for walleye pollock and bay sillago， and 10% for red seabream.Tests on 50 commercially available surimi samples revealed that one or more of the 8 components of Marine fish were detected in 29 samples. This result was consistent with that obtained using DNA barcoding， indicating that this method is accurate and reliable. This study can provide an effective method for the authenticity testing and traceability analysis of surimi and its products， and aims to provide technical support for the market supervision and quality control of raw materials in enterprises.

Abstract:

GⅠ norovirus （NoV） induced foodborne outbreaks occur frequently， causing huge economic losses and posing a major public health threat. Given its high detection rate in shellfish and other foods， its rapid transmission ability， and the common practice of consuming some shellfish raw， the risk of NoV transmission via contaminated shellfish is extremely high. To meet the demand for rapid and efficient GⅠ NoV detection in shellfish， this study developed a detection method combining reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification （RT-RPA） and lateral flow （LF） test strips. This study downloaded all available GⅠ NoV sequences from the GenBank database and designed a set of universal RPA primers and probes through sequence analysis. Based on RNA standards， an RT-RPA-LF detection method was established. The method can complete detection within 25 minutes at 42 ℃， with a sensitivity of up to 10 copies/μL. It has good specificity and does not cross-react with other major enteric viruses. The reproducibility can reach 60%， and the positive sample agreement rate with the RT-qPCR method is 100%. Compared with traditional RT-qPCR， this detection method is faster and more sensitive， enabling early detection and effective prevention and control of norovirus. The method is easy to operate， requires low equipment， and is suitable for point-of-care testing （POCT）， providing an efficient means for rapid visual detection and extensive screening of GⅠ NoV.

Abstract:

This study aims to safeguard the stable import supply of crustacean aquatic products in China and mitigate risks associated with the global trade network. Based on global crustacean trade data from 2014 to 2023， this paper constructs a directed weighted network to analyze its structural evolution characteristics. A comprehensive centrality indicator is developed to identify core countries within the network. The SIR epidemic model is employed to simulate the trade risk propagation process and identify specific propagation paths. The findings reveal that the global crustacean trade network from 2014 to 2023 exhibits small-world properties， with an overall trend toward structural integration and enhanced regional agglomeration. A distinct bipolar structure led by China and the United States is evident， with China surpassing the United States in 2022 to become the core node of the network. Ecuador's status has risen significantly， while the status of Indonesia， Thailand and Japan has declined. Core countries differ in their risk propagation capacity， with the United States， Ecuador， Canada， and India exhibiting strong initial capacity， while Denmark and Norway demonstrate the weakest. The research indicates that： （1） The structure of the global crustacean trade network is significantly influenced by external shocks， with dynamic adjustments in the status of core countries. China has gradually emerged as the most influential hub within the network. （2） Core countries' risk propagation capabilities exhibit heterogeneity， categorized into burst， progressive， restricted， and low-impact， with China classified as a restricted source. （3） Although China has become a core hub， its import sources remain concentrated and export network depth is limited， necessitating diversified import channels and optimized export network structures to enhance supply chain resilience.

Abstract:

Based on a sample of literature data from the WOS and CNKI databases spanning 2000–2024， the study employs bibliometric methods and the visualization function of Citespace software to systematically review the characteristics and hotspots of fisheries research through annual distribution of publications， keyword co-occurrence， and burst word detection， adopting the Four dimensional perspective of "high-efficiency production–low-carbon green–high-quality–industrial resilience." The findings indicate： （1） From an overall long-term perspective， global fisheries research shows an upward trend， with steady growth in publications in both WOS and CNKI； （2） In terms of WOS publications， China's burst intensity reached 397.80， emerging in 2022 and persisting to the present， though its intermediary centrality remains weak； （3） Domestic fisheries research has formed a research system led by the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences， with Shanghai Ocean University and Ocean University of China as the dominant institution. The study reveals： （1） Influenced by international dynamics such as geopolitics and trade disputes， social science-based fisheries research has experienced rapid decline， exhibiting distinct "depression" and "transformation and reshaping" characteristics； （2） Whether in natural or social sciences， China's fisheries research is gaining increasing global influence， yet its intermediary centrality remains relatively low； （3） Due to the "peculiar" differences in China's fisheries industrial structure， domestic fisheries research places greater emphasis on economic risk resilience and recovery capacity within the industry； （4） Focusing on the high-quality development of global fisheries， existing research has overlooked the multifaceted attention to risks affecting aquatic product quality and safety.