广西内陆水域外来鱼类的现状及应对策略
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S932.4;Q958.1

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国家自然科学基金(32060830);广西科技计划项目(桂科AD25069074);广西研究生教育创新计划项目(YCSW2025414)


Status and countermeasures for alien fish species in the inland waters of Guangxi
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    摘要:

    通过实地采样等手段,对广西内陆水系外来鱼类的种类和分布开展了深入的研究,研究结果表明:广西内陆水域共记录外来鱼类23种,隶属于7目13科20属,其中鲈形目(9种)和鲤形目(5种)是主要类群。水产养殖引种是外来鱼类引入的首要途径,涉及种类占比高达82.61%。齐氏罗非鱼(Coptodon zillii)与尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)已成为绝对优势种,分布范围覆盖几乎全部调查样点。13种鱼类已形成入侵,4种处于建群阶段。空间分布上,“北齐南尼”南北地理分异,源于齐氏罗非鱼对低温更强的适应性与高繁殖力;干支流差异格局,红水河(16种)等干流物种数远高于上游支流。水电站建设造成的静水环境显著改变了本土鱼类的生境,为适应静水环境的外来鱼类提供了扩张的“生态位机会”。需构建“源头预防、监测预警、控制清除、公众参与”的四位一体化防控策略体系。本研究可为广西乃至我国南方地区的水域生态安全保障和生物多样性保护提供科学依据和决策参考。

    Abstract:

    Through field sampling, this study investigated the species composition and distribution of alien fishes in Guangxi's inland waters. The results indicate: (1) Species composition and sources: A total of 23 alien fish species, belonging to 7 orders, 13 families, and 20 genera, were recorded. Perciformes (9 species) and Cypriniformes (5 species) are the dominant orders. Aquaculture introduction is the primary pathway, accounting for 82.61% of the species. (2) Status and distribution: Coptodon zillii and Oreochromis niloticus have become the dominant species, distributed across nearly all survey sites. Thirteen species are considered invasive, and four are in the establishment stage. Spatially, a geographical pattern of "C. zillii in the north, O. niloticus in the south" originates from the stronger adaptability to low temperatures and higher fecundity of Coptodon zillii; a mainstream-tributary disparity pattern is also evident, where the species number in mainstreams such as the Hongshui River (16 species) is far higher than in upstream tributaries. The lentic environments created by hydropower dam construction have significantly altered the habitats of native fish, providing 'ecological niche opportunities' for the expansion of alien species adapted to such conditions. (3) Control strategies: An integrated control framework is proposed, comprising four key components: source prevention, monitoring and early warning, control and eradication, and public participation. This research provides a scientific basis for policymaking and reference for ensuring aquatic ecological security and biodiversity conservation in Guangxi and southern China.

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邹有存,吴志强,刘昊,乔梁,何佳洋,陈一竹,黄亮亮.广西内陆水域外来鱼类的现状及应对策略[J].上海海洋大学学报,2025,34(5):1005-1016.
ZOU Youcun, WU Zhiqiang, LIU Hao, QIAO Liang, HE Jiayang, CHEN Yizhu, HUANG Liangliang. Status and countermeasures for alien fish species in the inland waters of Guangxi[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2025,34(5):1005-1016.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-19
  • 最后修改日期:2025-08-26
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-09-25
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