The Zhoushan fishing ground， an important fishery resource area in southeast China， faces potential threats from marine environmental pollutants. This study investigates the concentration， composition， influencing factors， and health risks of polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） in aquatic organisms from the Zhoushan fishing ground. We collected and analysed 37 species of aquatic organisms from the area between March and June 2023. Using GC-MS/MS， concentrations and compositional profiles of 41 PCB congeners in their muscle were measured. A univariate analysis was employed to explore the factors influencing PCB accumulation. Additionally， toxic equivalent quantity （TEQ） and health risk assessment models were applied to evaluate dietary risks. The results showed that the ∑₄₁PCBs concentrations ranged from 5.70 to 338.17 ng/g lipid weight （lw）. Pentachlorinated and hexachlorinated compounds were the most abundant. The concentrations of seven indicator PCBs were strongly correlated with total PCB concentrations， with PCB 138 and PCB 153 being the dominant congeners. No significant differences were observed in PCB concentrations or compositions among different species. PCBs accumulation exhibited a parabolic relationship with logK_ow values （with a turning point around 7） and was negatively correlated with lipid content. No significant correlation were observed with body length or weight. The total toxic equivalency of PCBs ranged from ND to 9.42×10^-5 ng TEQ/g. Both non-carcinogenic risk （HI<1） and carcinogenic risk （CRI<10^-4） were within acceptable limits. These findings provide valuable scientific evidence for the protection of aquatic resources and human health in the Zhoushan Fishing Ground.